14 April 1944
3 days ago movement orders came through and the Regimental parties were detailed, Ste and myself being in the Tank party. We left the AA range at 4 am on the 11th and arrived at the Amriya Staging Camp at 3.15. The whole area is crowded with vehicles and tanks, mostly Shermans with 2 groups of M10's. Vehicles for our ship (KBL) have left this morning, to move to the docks tonight or tomorrow. While here we've spent our time playing footer, having showers, doing laundry, writing mail.
3 days ago movement orders came through and the Regimental parties were detailed, Ste and myself being in the Tank party. We left the AA range at 4 am on the 11th and arrived at the Amriya Staging Camp at 3.15. The whole area is crowded with vehicles and tanks, mostly Shermans with 2 groups of M10's. Vehicles for our ship (KBL) have left this morning, to move to the docks tonight or tomorrow. While here we've spent our time playing footer, having showers, doing laundry, writing mail.
15 April 1944
Set off at 7 this morning and with MP escort, travelled to the docks, (in Alexandria, Egypt) going down Rue Des Soeurs on the way, where all the traffic had been stopped owing to the narrowness of the road. We finally arrived at Quay 23 which was still empty, our ship coming in about 2 hours later. By tea-time the trucks were being loaded and we went out for a scoff and a drop of tonic before getting down to sleep on the quayside for the night. On the third day the tanks were hoisted aboard, but it was the end of the fourth day before the last vehicle was put on. The ship is the FORT CHESTERFIELD, a 12,000 ton cargo ship only 15 months old and in a terrible state. The entire harbour is crammed with ships and there must be well over a hundred large vessels. On our last night there, we hired a yacht and went for a tour of the harbour. We saw the group of Greek ships which are in quarantine, having had neither food nor water for 12 days. Covering them was the famous cruiser AJAX- still bearing the shrapnel holes from a recent bombing; further on was another cruiser and 2 destroyers refuelling, then a group of Mosquito MTB's each with 2 torpedoes and Bofors gun, some with an additional 9inch forward gun, then an ex-Italian submarine which is now used for harbour protection. Then we went along the front of Ras el Tin Palace, King Farouk's Alex residence which still bears the scars of an Ity bomb. There are dozens of American made Liberty ships around, and several destroyers, including the URANIA which is moored alongside us. Behind our quay is anchored a French sub, in for an overhaul.
Set off at 7 this morning and with MP escort, travelled to the docks, (in Alexandria, Egypt) going down Rue Des Soeurs on the way, where all the traffic had been stopped owing to the narrowness of the road. We finally arrived at Quay 23 which was still empty, our ship coming in about 2 hours later. By tea-time the trucks were being loaded and we went out for a scoff and a drop of tonic before getting down to sleep on the quayside for the night. On the third day the tanks were hoisted aboard, but it was the end of the fourth day before the last vehicle was put on. The ship is the FORT CHESTERFIELD, a 12,000 ton cargo ship only 15 months old and in a terrible state. The entire harbour is crammed with ships and there must be well over a hundred large vessels. On our last night there, we hired a yacht and went for a tour of the harbour. We saw the group of Greek ships which are in quarantine, having had neither food nor water for 12 days. Covering them was the famous cruiser AJAX- still bearing the shrapnel holes from a recent bombing; further on was another cruiser and 2 destroyers refuelling, then a group of Mosquito MTB's each with 2 torpedoes and Bofors gun, some with an additional 9inch forward gun, then an ex-Italian submarine which is now used for harbour protection. Then we went along the front of Ras el Tin Palace, King Farouk's Alex residence which still bears the scars of an Ity bomb. There are dozens of American made Liberty ships around, and several destroyers, including the URANIA which is moored alongside us. Behind our quay is anchored a French sub, in for an overhaul.
20 April 1944
We pulled out at noon and on the way out passed 2 French cruisers- now, at 6 pm- we are just beginning to gain speed. So far we have got 2 destroyers escorting 29 merchant ships. 21 April 1944 At an average speed of 6 knots we have followed the coast of Egypt all day at a distance of about 15 miles. 2 Baltimores have been hovering about all day, and during the afternoon Action Stations was sounded when unidentified aircraft flew overhead. About 4 pm a sub and a cruiser passed between the coast and our convoy, on their way to Alexandria. |
22 April 1944
We are now off the coast of Libya, in what is considered a dangerous area. At 10 am we were joined by 3 more destroyers and about an hour later one of them fell behind and dropped 4 depth charges, but we saw nothing. 2 planes still in attendance overhead. Each day we have Boat Stations at 9am, after which we have finished for the day. If we want, we may do voluntary painting, and we have already done about half the deck fittings after only 2 mornings' work.
23 April 1944
Coming to the Gulf of Sirte just before dusk, we left land and were joined by 6 Corvettes, so that escort vessels are now covering us all round. The last air-watch of the day was done by 2 Spitfires and 1 Wellington.
24 April 1944
Sunday, so no Boat Stations today, but we did about 1 hour's painting to keep our hands in. Away on our left this morning, 3 submarines are plodding along with us. The weather is becoming much colder and the sea more rough.
We are now off the coast of Libya, in what is considered a dangerous area. At 10 am we were joined by 3 more destroyers and about an hour later one of them fell behind and dropped 4 depth charges, but we saw nothing. 2 planes still in attendance overhead. Each day we have Boat Stations at 9am, after which we have finished for the day. If we want, we may do voluntary painting, and we have already done about half the deck fittings after only 2 mornings' work.
23 April 1944
Coming to the Gulf of Sirte just before dusk, we left land and were joined by 6 Corvettes, so that escort vessels are now covering us all round. The last air-watch of the day was done by 2 Spitfires and 1 Wellington.
24 April 1944
Sunday, so no Boat Stations today, but we did about 1 hour's painting to keep our hands in. Away on our left this morning, 3 submarines are plodding along with us. The weather is becoming much colder and the sea more rough.
25 April 1944
During the night we ran into a gale and several of the balloons broke away and were lost. The old ship was rolling pretty badly and several of the chaps were 'off-colour.' During the afternoon we passed through a minefield, and sailed due south in line for 2 hours, after which we resumed our bearing.
26 April 1944
At dawn the Blighty half of the convoy left us- now we are 16 merchant ships and 1 Corvette- our ship taking over command or sailing on in front. At 10am we sighted land and at 2pm we sailed into the harbour of Port Augusta, Sicily, where we anchored a mile offshore. Through the glasses it seems quite a pleasant place, with plenty of trees and greenery, though the built-up area has been considerably battered, presumably by bombs. In the harbour, the tops of 4 sunken ships can be seen, and lying at anchor are no less than 35 merchant ships of over 5,000 tons, with dozens of smaller vessels.
27 April 1944
Off again at 9am. We had with us an additional 4 merchant ships, 1 destroyer and 1 Corvette, and spent a quiet day in the Messina Straits.
During the night we ran into a gale and several of the balloons broke away and were lost. The old ship was rolling pretty badly and several of the chaps were 'off-colour.' During the afternoon we passed through a minefield, and sailed due south in line for 2 hours, after which we resumed our bearing.
26 April 1944
At dawn the Blighty half of the convoy left us- now we are 16 merchant ships and 1 Corvette- our ship taking over command or sailing on in front. At 10am we sighted land and at 2pm we sailed into the harbour of Port Augusta, Sicily, where we anchored a mile offshore. Through the glasses it seems quite a pleasant place, with plenty of trees and greenery, though the built-up area has been considerably battered, presumably by bombs. In the harbour, the tops of 4 sunken ships can be seen, and lying at anchor are no less than 35 merchant ships of over 5,000 tons, with dozens of smaller vessels.
27 April 1944
Off again at 9am. We had with us an additional 4 merchant ships, 1 destroyer and 1 Corvette, and spent a quiet day in the Messina Straits.
28 April 1944
Half of the ships left us at dawn, their port being Taranto. At 9 am we sighted land - the heel of Italy - which meant that we were about to enter the Adriatic Sea. Suddenly the destroyer on our left-rear dropped a depth-charge quickly followed by 4 more, but tho' they circled round for quite a while, nothing further happened. By noon we were about 5 miles from the 'Heel' and are now following the coast at about the same distance. Since dawn today the torpedo nets have been out – a marvellous piece of work they are. Arrived at Bari at midnight but owing to there being too much shipping already there, we left 4 of the smallest ships there and returned 60 miles down the coast to Brindisi, where we are now anchored. The harbour is a first-class natural one, at the end of which are moored 10 seaplanes- reminders of the pre-war seaplane base here. Further along is the aerodrome, every square foot of which appears to be packed with planes, and there are rows of fighters all along the water's edge. As we came in at noon today, 33 heavy bombers were just setting out. After lunch most of the lads went ashore, completing their journey by train, leaving only 31 chaps behind- tank drivers. Moored alongside us is an Italian destroyer, mounting 4 4-inch guns.
Half of the ships left us at dawn, their port being Taranto. At 9 am we sighted land - the heel of Italy - which meant that we were about to enter the Adriatic Sea. Suddenly the destroyer on our left-rear dropped a depth-charge quickly followed by 4 more, but tho' they circled round for quite a while, nothing further happened. By noon we were about 5 miles from the 'Heel' and are now following the coast at about the same distance. Since dawn today the torpedo nets have been out – a marvellous piece of work they are. Arrived at Bari at midnight but owing to there being too much shipping already there, we left 4 of the smallest ships there and returned 60 miles down the coast to Brindisi, where we are now anchored. The harbour is a first-class natural one, at the end of which are moored 10 seaplanes- reminders of the pre-war seaplane base here. Further along is the aerodrome, every square foot of which appears to be packed with planes, and there are rows of fighters all along the water's edge. As we came in at noon today, 33 heavy bombers were just setting out. After lunch most of the lads went ashore, completing their journey by train, leaving only 31 chaps behind- tank drivers. Moored alongside us is an Italian destroyer, mounting 4 4-inch guns.
30 April 1944
Away again at 11 am, this time on our own. Once more our destination was Bari, and doing about 12 knots all the way, we arrived there at 7pm – and what a sight the harbour is. They had their only raid there in December, when bombers got direct hits one 1 ammo ship and 2 petrol tankers, and between them they burnt out or sank a total of 15 ships. 2 more, one containing bombs and the other M.G. (mustard gas) Were scuttled for safety. On most of them, only the masts or funnels are showing, and one still lies where it was lifted half way on the quayside. Spent the night in the Transit Camp and went on board again at 8 am to begin unloading- a job which kept us busy all day. Most of the dock-work is done by Italians under R.E.'s. There's a big aerodrome about a mile away, and among the hundreds of planes there are several Lightnings- twin-fuselage planes. Alongside us now is moored an LST manned by Greeks- coming in yesterday she broke her anchor and badly dented the middle hull of our ship when the bow hit it. |
2 May 1944
Going to the ship today, we learnt that we weren't needed until 3 o'clock , so back we came and had a kip until noon. Then we paid a visit to the ENSA picture house – impossible to describe the beauty of these elaborate Italian buildings. This one is the Old Opera House, wonderfully decorated with images, carvings and oil paintings, one of which covers the whole roof. Afterwards we went to assist in the unloading of the last tanks, which we parked on the Stadium on the outskirts of town. The shops have very little to sell, the main ones being wine, shoe and hat shops with plenty of knick-knack stalls on the pavements. |
3 May 1944
After a parade at 8.30 we had finished for the day so we spent the morning in bed, rising at 11 for a hot bath. Had a stroll down town after lunch, doing a bit of shopping and 'sightseeing.' Every nationality of the Allies is represented here – Yanks, Canadians, Poles, Greeks, Jugo-slavs, Indians, and one of our fellows even saw 2 Russian officers yesterday. Its funny to see some of these Jugo-slav girls wearing battle-dress, for they're all pretty hefty wenches, and BD wasn't originally intended for females!
After a parade at 8.30 we had finished for the day so we spent the morning in bed, rising at 11 for a hot bath. Had a stroll down town after lunch, doing a bit of shopping and 'sightseeing.' Every nationality of the Allies is represented here – Yanks, Canadians, Poles, Greeks, Jugo-slavs, Indians, and one of our fellows even saw 2 Russian officers yesterday. Its funny to see some of these Jugo-slav girls wearing battle-dress, for they're all pretty hefty wenches, and BD wasn't originally intended for females!
4 May 1944
At 3 pm 29 transporters appeared at the Stadium, and as they took only 6 minutes to load up we were soon on our way. Before dusk, we had covered 30 miles and we spent the night in one of the main streets of Ruvo, a medium sized town. The journey was through some delightful country – all cultivated and with plenty of civilian houses with fine gardens – wasn't it good to see and smell the old English lilac again. Off again the following morning at 9.30, we did about 70 miles before reaching our destination. Another first-class journey, cultivated country all the way, and the local people seem to be very friendly. We went through the town of Barletta, quite a modern town, then Foggia, which houses Italy's largest airfield- planes of every description are flying around and one 'drome is packed solely with Lightnings. The town of Foggia itself was considerably battered, being the centre of severe fighting when Jerry was down that far. Here , we have turned off the main coast road, heading for the town of San-Severo, where we turned onto a second-class road, 9 miles down which is our present camp. It's a large wood, largely oak, through which runs a small stream- its full of birds, lizards, snakes and beetles, and at night we lie in bed listening to the nightingale. Groups of more than 30 4-engined bombers pass over here several times daily, and tho' we are less than 100(?) miles from the front-line we haven't yet seen an enemy plane.
At 3 pm 29 transporters appeared at the Stadium, and as they took only 6 minutes to load up we were soon on our way. Before dusk, we had covered 30 miles and we spent the night in one of the main streets of Ruvo, a medium sized town. The journey was through some delightful country – all cultivated and with plenty of civilian houses with fine gardens – wasn't it good to see and smell the old English lilac again. Off again the following morning at 9.30, we did about 70 miles before reaching our destination. Another first-class journey, cultivated country all the way, and the local people seem to be very friendly. We went through the town of Barletta, quite a modern town, then Foggia, which houses Italy's largest airfield- planes of every description are flying around and one 'drome is packed solely with Lightnings. The town of Foggia itself was considerably battered, being the centre of severe fighting when Jerry was down that far. Here , we have turned off the main coast road, heading for the town of San-Severo, where we turned onto a second-class road, 9 miles down which is our present camp. It's a large wood, largely oak, through which runs a small stream- its full of birds, lizards, snakes and beetles, and at night we lie in bed listening to the nightingale. Groups of more than 30 4-engined bombers pass over here several times daily, and tho' we are less than 100(?) miles from the front-line we haven't yet seen an enemy plane.
8 May1944
Went up to the farm today for some eggs (uovo) – already we have learnt quite a bit of Italian, and have got some books on Italian grammar. Still no mail after 20 days. 9 May 1944 Second batch of tanks here today and they brought plenty of mail- I had 9 – so we are all quite happy now. The nightingales were very active last night, one being in a tree only 3 yards away. 10 May 1944 Did some washing this morning and made pancakes for dinner and spent the afternoon answering letters. The remainder of the Regiment came today so we are now back to normal work. |
11 May 1944
A very busy day, as we have very little time to complete the Base Mods...At 11-15 pm the balloon went up and from midnight onwards bombers were continually crossing this camp. Yesterday the American heavies went in and did a first-class piece of wiping out. (section using shorthand ) 2000 casualties.
A very busy day, as we have very little time to complete the Base Mods...At 11-15 pm the balloon went up and from midnight onwards bombers were continually crossing this camp. Yesterday the American heavies went in and did a first-class piece of wiping out. (section using shorthand ) 2000 casualties.
Operation Diadem, also referred to as the Fourth Battle of Monte Cassino or, in Canada, the Battle of the Liri Valley, was an offensive operation undertaken by the Allied (U.S. Fifth Army and British Eighth) Army in May 1944, as part of the Italian Campaign. Diadem was supported by air attacks called Operation Strangle. The opposing force was the German Tenth Army.
Diadem was launched at 2300 Hours on 11 May 1944. XIII Corps forced a crossing of the Rapido River at the mouth of the Liri valley against strong opposition, drawing in German local reserves. The Free French Corps pushed through the mountains to the left on 14 May, supported by U.S. II Corps along the coast. On 17 May, Polish II Corps on the right attacked Monte Cassino. (Wikipedia)
12 May 1944
One continual stream of planes today, from Liberators, Fortresses, Lightnings, Spits or Tomahawks. News on the wireless is quite good. Last night's offensive was started by the heaviest artillery barrage of the war – soon we are looking forward to getting in. 13 May 1944 A very active day in the air. During one spell of 6 minutes , no fewer than 134 bombers – all 4 -engined- passed over us. It's Sunday, but instead of half day, we worked till 10 pm. We're now under 12 hours till move off so everyone is dashing about. 14 May 1944 Tanks out firing today – we all stayed in busy on mods. 16 May 1944 Still busy- went dental this am and left my plate for repair. 18 May 1944 All ready now, and have just heard that we move tomorrow. |
19 May 1944
'B' vehicles away at 7 am their journey taking 2 days. Tanks left in 3 parties- at 9- 11- and 2 pm. We were on the rear lot. Before stopping for the night near Panni, on the Naples road, we covered 43 miles, through some delightful scenery of valleys, hills and rivers, most of which are now almost dry. All main bridges, both rail and river, have been blown by Jerry on his withdrawal, and the RE's have done good work getting the road through again. As in Libya, Italy's colonisation scheme is in progress here and the road is lined with small farms, all alike with house, barn, well and haystack. 20 May 1944 A full day's travelling, doing 68 miles before dusk, again through lovely country, and passing through Avellino, a large town which has been considerably bombed. Stopped during the afternoon for a wash in one of the many mountain streams. We stayed the night at Montefort, 28 miles from Naples- a high mountain village. |
21 May 1944
From here the tanks were self-propelled for 13 miles crossing 3 more blown bridges and crossing 2 high mountain ranges. At noon we had reached Naples, and the road winds up the hills, giving us a marvellous view of the town and harbour, which seems to be a fine place tho' its bomb scars are many. Vesuvius lies about a mile from the town, very high, and with burnt patches down its sides caused by recent eruptions. One hour later, one of the trailers had a flat, and when reloading the tank (steel tracks) it jumped off and turned over, delaying us for 3 hours. At 3pm we were almost in our position, which is just on the North side of the Voltierno River, which still has its initial pontoon bridge. We crossed it on a ramp bridge, and the RE are now busy finishing a span bridge of steel. |
22 May 1944
Very busy putting the finishing touches to the tanks – we are now on 12 hours notice.
23 May 1944
This is it – Transporters are going by and we are due to load at 4 pm after doing 6 miles on tracks. At one point the tanks had to leave the road where a bridge was blown, and in the soft ground, 3 of then tipped on their side, but the Mac was handy and soon had them upright before the drain off could do any damage. Soon after loading we reached Highway 6 – the road to Rome- along which we travelled, without lights, for almost 40 miles. The road was crammed with vehicles, mostly transporters and mobile police with loudspeakers shouted instructions as we went along. At 2.30 am we were in position, about 16 miles from Cassino, with Jerry OP points – Mount Cairo- visible in the distance. Our fighters have been over continually and during the night enemy planes came over singly. AA guns nearby opened up but we never heard any bombs. In the distance we can hear artillery fire.
Very busy putting the finishing touches to the tanks – we are now on 12 hours notice.
23 May 1944
This is it – Transporters are going by and we are due to load at 4 pm after doing 6 miles on tracks. At one point the tanks had to leave the road where a bridge was blown, and in the soft ground, 3 of then tipped on their side, but the Mac was handy and soon had them upright before the drain off could do any damage. Soon after loading we reached Highway 6 – the road to Rome- along which we travelled, without lights, for almost 40 miles. The road was crammed with vehicles, mostly transporters and mobile police with loudspeakers shouted instructions as we went along. At 2.30 am we were in position, about 16 miles from Cassino, with Jerry OP points – Mount Cairo- visible in the distance. Our fighters have been over continually and during the night enemy planes came over singly. AA guns nearby opened up but we never heard any bombs. In the distance we can hear artillery fire.
25 May 1944
Nothing doing today so we just relaxed, listening to distant shelling and watching the aircraft pass overhead. In one group alone there were 97 4-engined bombers.
26 May 1944
News this morning is good- the Infantry are at last getting through, and we are under 2 hours stand-to. GENERAL ALEXANDER has just passed through in his big open tourer, surrounded by MP's- he seems mighty pleased with the way things are going. 11.15 and we are on our way- our purpose is to support the 78th Division Infantry, as a Brigade, each Regiment supporting an Infantry Brigade, and each Squadron an Infantry Regiment. The 3rd are to be attached to the Irish Brigade.
For 3 miles we followed Highway 6 , then turned left down ACE track. The permanent way, wrecked by jerry has been cleared of rails and is now used as a road. After 5 miles down here we crossed the Rapido River, on the wast bank of which lies the razed town of San Angelo. From here we had a perfect view of Monastery Hill with its shattered monastery on the summit. Near the foot of the hill we could see the remains of Cassino, and are now halted 2 miles from the foot of Mount Cairo (5,000 feet) on the side of which we can see the ruins of Piedimonte which the Poles took yesterday. We are now in the Hitler Line, a defence line solid with gun emplacements, anti-tank pits and machine gun rests. Round every corner we found knocked-out Jerry Mark 111's, IV's and every type of anti-tank gun. One of our reccy planes is just burning out on the roadside. Whole areas have been shelled to nothing, every foot of land being shell marked. One of our Honeys hit a pile of S mines and turned completely over, the crew of 4 losing their lives. We've just pulled into a vineyard at dusk- already we've found a 76.mm. gun with its crew dead around it and in another place a dead Jerry with his revolver still in his hand. Up the hill from us lies the town of Castrociello; above which lies a monastery apparently used as a Jerry O.P. Our artillery got ranged on it and have just fired about 150 rounds, and I guess no more than 3 missed it. Immediately afterwards, Ghurkas were in there, and we can see them climbing the ruins. In front of us lies another big hill, still in Jerry hands, and our artillery behind us are now piling dozens of shells onto the J positions.
All day long civilians with their scanty possessions have been passing through – they are terrified and all very hungry, poor devils. Enemy shells have been landing 150 yards away and our Artillery has had several lively spells.We are just off the edge of Highway 6 and all day long the road is crammed with Shermans, Priests, A.Tk guns, Artillery, Bofors and 3-7's.
Nothing doing today so we just relaxed, listening to distant shelling and watching the aircraft pass overhead. In one group alone there were 97 4-engined bombers.
26 May 1944
News this morning is good- the Infantry are at last getting through, and we are under 2 hours stand-to. GENERAL ALEXANDER has just passed through in his big open tourer, surrounded by MP's- he seems mighty pleased with the way things are going. 11.15 and we are on our way- our purpose is to support the 78th Division Infantry, as a Brigade, each Regiment supporting an Infantry Brigade, and each Squadron an Infantry Regiment. The 3rd are to be attached to the Irish Brigade.
For 3 miles we followed Highway 6 , then turned left down ACE track. The permanent way, wrecked by jerry has been cleared of rails and is now used as a road. After 5 miles down here we crossed the Rapido River, on the wast bank of which lies the razed town of San Angelo. From here we had a perfect view of Monastery Hill with its shattered monastery on the summit. Near the foot of the hill we could see the remains of Cassino, and are now halted 2 miles from the foot of Mount Cairo (5,000 feet) on the side of which we can see the ruins of Piedimonte which the Poles took yesterday. We are now in the Hitler Line, a defence line solid with gun emplacements, anti-tank pits and machine gun rests. Round every corner we found knocked-out Jerry Mark 111's, IV's and every type of anti-tank gun. One of our reccy planes is just burning out on the roadside. Whole areas have been shelled to nothing, every foot of land being shell marked. One of our Honeys hit a pile of S mines and turned completely over, the crew of 4 losing their lives. We've just pulled into a vineyard at dusk- already we've found a 76.mm. gun with its crew dead around it and in another place a dead Jerry with his revolver still in his hand. Up the hill from us lies the town of Castrociello; above which lies a monastery apparently used as a Jerry O.P. Our artillery got ranged on it and have just fired about 150 rounds, and I guess no more than 3 missed it. Immediately afterwards, Ghurkas were in there, and we can see them climbing the ruins. In front of us lies another big hill, still in Jerry hands, and our artillery behind us are now piling dozens of shells onto the J positions.
All day long civilians with their scanty possessions have been passing through – they are terrified and all very hungry, poor devils. Enemy shells have been landing 150 yards away and our Artillery has had several lively spells.We are just off the edge of Highway 6 and all day long the road is crammed with Shermans, Priests, A.Tk guns, Artillery, Bofors and 3-7's.
28 May 1944
No sleep last night for our artillery had a non-stop barrage until dawn. Whit Sunday today, and we are just off. Moved out at 9 am and crossed the River Melfa after 2 ½ miles. Turned left off H6 down a track along which Priests are shelling a hill about a mile away. No sign of life among the shell bursts.
2pm We are now in position on the edge of a large wood- Jerry's nearest possible point is about 2,000 yards away where three 88's have been spotted. Artillery is massed on both sides of us and behind us to a depth of about 2 miles. Mount Piccolo (1.100 feet) taken by the Guards yesterday, was retaken by jerry last night and is now the target for our shells.
4pm News has just come back that Mount P and 2 of the 88's are ours – next point is Mount Grande (1200 feet) and at 6.30 our artillery began working on it firing a barrage of 30,000 rounds by 240 guns. They've just hit something big, for after a huge explosion, there's a huge column of smoke rising. Night Infantry is now moving up to get in position for a dawn attack.
Reveille for us was 3.30am after a bad night of artillery exchanges. When dawn came we found Mount G had been evacuated, so we immediately set off for the next objective, Ceprano on the Liri River, junction town of Highways 6 and 82. All along the route are signs of a hasty retreat- piles of ammo, unburied bodies, and the 2 main bridges unblown. Ceprano has been badly battered and the main bridge destroyed but RE's soon had a span bridge over the river. Bull-dozers are doing magnificent work clearing roads and levelling tracks. 2 miles beyond the town, Jerry Artillery was again contacted and shells are landing on our rear left. Afternoon reccy spotted 10 enemy tanks in the distance but when we moved up to engage them, an anti-tank ditch was met and the Valentine Bridges have gone up to span it. Jerry is now in a village 3 miles N of Cep. And our tanks and Priests are moving in to shell him. Canadians have just found an Ity lying wounded in the ditch – 2 bullet wounds- and have taken him to the C.C.S. Enemy shells are now trying to find our artillery battery just in front of us, but not getting within 200 yards so far. 'A' Squadron moving up to the right of the village encountered treacherous ground, 2 turning over and 3 getting bogged.
No sleep last night for our artillery had a non-stop barrage until dawn. Whit Sunday today, and we are just off. Moved out at 9 am and crossed the River Melfa after 2 ½ miles. Turned left off H6 down a track along which Priests are shelling a hill about a mile away. No sign of life among the shell bursts.
2pm We are now in position on the edge of a large wood- Jerry's nearest possible point is about 2,000 yards away where three 88's have been spotted. Artillery is massed on both sides of us and behind us to a depth of about 2 miles. Mount Piccolo (1.100 feet) taken by the Guards yesterday, was retaken by jerry last night and is now the target for our shells.
4pm News has just come back that Mount P and 2 of the 88's are ours – next point is Mount Grande (1200 feet) and at 6.30 our artillery began working on it firing a barrage of 30,000 rounds by 240 guns. They've just hit something big, for after a huge explosion, there's a huge column of smoke rising. Night Infantry is now moving up to get in position for a dawn attack.
Reveille for us was 3.30am after a bad night of artillery exchanges. When dawn came we found Mount G had been evacuated, so we immediately set off for the next objective, Ceprano on the Liri River, junction town of Highways 6 and 82. All along the route are signs of a hasty retreat- piles of ammo, unburied bodies, and the 2 main bridges unblown. Ceprano has been badly battered and the main bridge destroyed but RE's soon had a span bridge over the river. Bull-dozers are doing magnificent work clearing roads and levelling tracks. 2 miles beyond the town, Jerry Artillery was again contacted and shells are landing on our rear left. Afternoon reccy spotted 10 enemy tanks in the distance but when we moved up to engage them, an anti-tank ditch was met and the Valentine Bridges have gone up to span it. Jerry is now in a village 3 miles N of Cep. And our tanks and Priests are moving in to shell him. Canadians have just found an Ity lying wounded in the ditch – 2 bullet wounds- and have taken him to the C.C.S. Enemy shells are now trying to find our artillery battery just in front of us, but not getting within 200 yards so far. 'A' Squadron moving up to the right of the village encountered treacherous ground, 2 turning over and 3 getting bogged.
30 May 1944
Recovery is now going up to salve the 'A' tanks and 'B' are moving into position on the left flank. The leading tank struck a mine and blew a bogie assy. off. Artillery is pounding away again at noon, and 1pm is the zero hour for 'B' advance.
31 May 1944
Moving steadily up the road towards Ripi ,2 of our tanks crashed through the embankment – 1 has track off and the other is over on its turret. Going up at 4pm to find them, we got caught by a Jerry Artillery Barrage- several chaps just off the road were hit and 2 in the ditch on our right were caught, 1 wounded fatally. Our tanks have shelled several houses in which J was hiding and some are still burning. We are now on the outskirts of Ripi and our Artillery are sending plenty over- J is replying with spasmodic bursts but well wide of any target. One of the locals was killed when she stood on a mine and another had her hand injured. Poor civvies- whenever a battle develops near, they quickly pack what goods they can carry and move out. Their houses and farms are all either damaged or destroyed and their property such as clothing, pigs and cows, food and wine is all taken. Soon as we move forward they are back with whatever kit they have left and it is pitiful to see their sorrow. They're quite willing to do washing etc. for us, and dig us up their potatoes, and are very thankful for any food we can spare them. Broke the prop shaft off our car when we dropped over a 5 foot bank. One of our planes dropped leaflets to the Jerries during the afternoon and quite a few blew over our lines. On the way to B.I. We saw a Jeep which had hit a mine- the unfortunate driver was still among the burning wreckage.
Recovery is now going up to salve the 'A' tanks and 'B' are moving into position on the left flank. The leading tank struck a mine and blew a bogie assy. off. Artillery is pounding away again at noon, and 1pm is the zero hour for 'B' advance.
31 May 1944
Moving steadily up the road towards Ripi ,2 of our tanks crashed through the embankment – 1 has track off and the other is over on its turret. Going up at 4pm to find them, we got caught by a Jerry Artillery Barrage- several chaps just off the road were hit and 2 in the ditch on our right were caught, 1 wounded fatally. Our tanks have shelled several houses in which J was hiding and some are still burning. We are now on the outskirts of Ripi and our Artillery are sending plenty over- J is replying with spasmodic bursts but well wide of any target. One of the locals was killed when she stood on a mine and another had her hand injured. Poor civvies- whenever a battle develops near, they quickly pack what goods they can carry and move out. Their houses and farms are all either damaged or destroyed and their property such as clothing, pigs and cows, food and wine is all taken. Soon as we move forward they are back with whatever kit they have left and it is pitiful to see their sorrow. They're quite willing to do washing etc. for us, and dig us up their potatoes, and are very thankful for any food we can spare them. Broke the prop shaft off our car when we dropped over a 5 foot bank. One of our planes dropped leaflets to the Jerries during the afternoon and quite a few blew over our lines. On the way to B.I. We saw a Jeep which had hit a mine- the unfortunate driver was still among the burning wreckage.
1 June 1944
Nothing doing first thing so we had a lay in until 5.30- the blanket (civvy) I've got is a beauty. After breakfast we went down the wadi to a Bantam with a track off – a job which took us all day. Took some washing up to a nearby farm where they gave me a cup of new milk straight from the cow- Didn't I enjoy it. A nice quiet day for a change as only our Artillery are behind us now
2 June 1944
Busy until noon working on the tanks which are now in reserve- after dinner H and I went up to the farm, had milk and vino and took a snap.
Nothing doing first thing so we had a lay in until 5.30- the blanket (civvy) I've got is a beauty. After breakfast we went down the wadi to a Bantam with a track off – a job which took us all day. Took some washing up to a nearby farm where they gave me a cup of new milk straight from the cow- Didn't I enjoy it. A nice quiet day for a change as only our Artillery are behind us now
2 June 1944
Busy until noon working on the tanks which are now in reserve- after dinner H and I went up to the farm, had milk and vino and took a snap.
3 June 1944
Another quiet day which we spent catching up on some sleep – until 8pm when word came round that we were moving at 10.30 (Strangulagia a large town near Ripi has been well battered- we passed there this morning on the way to B.I. For spares. All the houses in the main street were blown up and the road is now built on top of the rubble.) Slow going in the dark until after 2 miles we got onto H6 again, travelling along it for 9 miles until we reached Frosinone, approx. 30 miles from Rome. Very few houses in the town are undamaged and there's a horrible smell of dead bodies which are buried in the ruins. Here we turned N for 1 mile and are now in a vineyard which until 3 days ago was a Jerry HQ. We are now living on Compo rations, an American issue, which includes cigarettes, chocolate, sweets, Xmas Pud etc. |
5 June 1944
Still here and we could stick it for weeks. From where I'm sat I can see peaches, apricots, almonds, vines, figs, cherries, mulberries, apples, pears and plums, peas spuds and tomatoes. In the farmyard is a lush, ice-cold water, well and everyone is taking the opportunity for having a bath. On the road between Frosinone and here are the remains of 5 Tiger (MK VI) tanks, victims of the Canucks. (Canadians.)
5th Army troops tonight entered Rome, undefended city, and are reported to be getting a tumultuous welcome.
Still here and we could stick it for weeks. From where I'm sat I can see peaches, apricots, almonds, vines, figs, cherries, mulberries, apples, pears and plums, peas spuds and tomatoes. In the farmyard is a lush, ice-cold water, well and everyone is taking the opportunity for having a bath. On the road between Frosinone and here are the remains of 5 Tiger (MK VI) tanks, victims of the Canucks. (Canadians.)
5th Army troops tonight entered Rome, undefended city, and are reported to be getting a tumultuous welcome.
6 June 1944
Still relaxing outside Frosinone. We are catching up on some more sleep. Everyone today is bucked up with news of last night's 2nd Front Offensive. Speculations on events out here are many, ranging from Jerry's withdrawal from Italy to our chances of getting home. Found a lake about a mile away and had a grand swim.
7 June 1944
A lecture by the O.C. Who read a letter of thanks from the Col. Of the London Irish Infantry Regiment who had our assistance on the 'Push.' Afterwards we went across to the lake for a dip, having a good feed of cherries on the way. Arriving at the lake we found a snake having a swim- a strange sight. In the afternoon we visited the cemetery of Frosinone, a one time fine place, but now showing signs of wilful damage by the enemy who looted several of the vaults. Most of the graves have a photo of the deceased and on the tombstone is hung a small lamp for burning incense when praying. Moving tonight, late, when H6 is free of traffic.
Set off at 9 pm for the worst night's journey ever- on the move all night we had only covered 9 miles at dawn.
Still relaxing outside Frosinone. We are catching up on some more sleep. Everyone today is bucked up with news of last night's 2nd Front Offensive. Speculations on events out here are many, ranging from Jerry's withdrawal from Italy to our chances of getting home. Found a lake about a mile away and had a grand swim.
7 June 1944
A lecture by the O.C. Who read a letter of thanks from the Col. Of the London Irish Infantry Regiment who had our assistance on the 'Push.' Afterwards we went across to the lake for a dip, having a good feed of cherries on the way. Arriving at the lake we found a snake having a swim- a strange sight. In the afternoon we visited the cemetery of Frosinone, a one time fine place, but now showing signs of wilful damage by the enemy who looted several of the vaults. Most of the graves have a photo of the deceased and on the tombstone is hung a small lamp for burning incense when praying. Moving tonight, late, when H6 is free of traffic.
Set off at 9 pm for the worst night's journey ever- on the move all night we had only covered 9 miles at dawn.
8 June 1944
Soon we passed through the town of Ferentino, where the bomb debris has been cleared to allow one-way traffic. Next town we passed through was Velamontone, the worst flattened town in the country. Bomb craters are everywhere and it's a wonder that even parts of houses are standing. Remains of Jerry vehicles are in evidence all round and many of the civilians are still living in the cliff caves.
Then came ROME- what a welcome we got there. The streets are crowded with people, all waving and cheering, throwing flowers and showing signs of great pleasure at our presence. Fortunately we had 2 breakdowns in the city and spent 3 hours chatting with the locals – viewing the marvellous architecture- statues, arches and carvings are all around. On the way thro' we passed by the Sports' Stadium Boxing Centre, or in the distance the auto-car track. At 3.30 we crossed the River Tiber on the outskirts of the city, and from there entered Route 3 up which we travelled 14 miles before parking in a valley 6 km from Casselnova. Only stayed here 1 hour Having our dinner and a bath in the stream, and doing the repairs before we again set off on H3. Passed through Castelnuomo which had been defended by Jerry and had consequently been well battered, and after 15 miles we turned into an olive grove for the night. Alongside the main road can still be seen stretches of the old paved Roman Road- Via Flamina it is now called. ( J had blocked one main street near Rome by shooting several horses at the entrance to it- a horrible sight and smell.)
Near the top of the hill on which we are camping is the remains of Kesselring's H.Q. - a marvellous camp which was fitted out to the latest detail. Huge workshops, offices, stores and garages, now all wrecked, were tunnelled into the hill to a distance of 60 yards long and the heat from the fires still remains in them. one block of buildings was full of maps, another had bundles of the German equivalent to our 'Parade' 'Illustrated' etc. stacked around. another contained a printing press, now damaged beyond repair, while another was full of wrecked cars.
Soon we passed through the town of Ferentino, where the bomb debris has been cleared to allow one-way traffic. Next town we passed through was Velamontone, the worst flattened town in the country. Bomb craters are everywhere and it's a wonder that even parts of houses are standing. Remains of Jerry vehicles are in evidence all round and many of the civilians are still living in the cliff caves.
Then came ROME- what a welcome we got there. The streets are crowded with people, all waving and cheering, throwing flowers and showing signs of great pleasure at our presence. Fortunately we had 2 breakdowns in the city and spent 3 hours chatting with the locals – viewing the marvellous architecture- statues, arches and carvings are all around. On the way thro' we passed by the Sports' Stadium Boxing Centre, or in the distance the auto-car track. At 3.30 we crossed the River Tiber on the outskirts of the city, and from there entered Route 3 up which we travelled 14 miles before parking in a valley 6 km from Casselnova. Only stayed here 1 hour Having our dinner and a bath in the stream, and doing the repairs before we again set off on H3. Passed through Castelnuomo which had been defended by Jerry and had consequently been well battered, and after 15 miles we turned into an olive grove for the night. Alongside the main road can still be seen stretches of the old paved Roman Road- Via Flamina it is now called. ( J had blocked one main street near Rome by shooting several horses at the entrance to it- a horrible sight and smell.)
Near the top of the hill on which we are camping is the remains of Kesselring's H.Q. - a marvellous camp which was fitted out to the latest detail. Huge workshops, offices, stores and garages, now all wrecked, were tunnelled into the hill to a distance of 60 yards long and the heat from the fires still remains in them. one block of buildings was full of maps, another had bundles of the German equivalent to our 'Parade' 'Illustrated' etc. stacked around. another contained a printing press, now damaged beyond repair, while another was full of wrecked cars.
Went up to the mountain village at night where we were warmly welcomed- cherries and vino in plenty- and saw magnificent scenery all around. 4 of our planes bombed a village at the foot of the next range of hills where J is still fighting and we could plainly see the bomb bursts in the collection of houses.
'A' Squadron out yesterday lost 2 tanks which crashed through a weakened bridge. Reveille at 3 am and on our way along H3 to Civita Casseltana, through which flows the Tiber. The bridge was wrecked and Baileys were on the go with 2 spans- on the other side of the river lies the hospital, captured 2 days ago , complete with 500 Jerry patients and several German nurses. Stopped just beyond the town with a Dingo breakdown but soon had to move when shells began dropping on the tracks behind us. The nearest one, at about 60 yards, soon decided for us that the spot wasn't healthy. Our planes have just been over and bombed the village from which his artillery are spotting us. The civilians gave our lads a great welcome, rushing out with flowers, eggs and vino every time we stopped. Just beyond the town, another bridge was wrecked and the tank bridge was just long enough having only 2 feet each side. By 9.30 pm, after 17and a half hours we had covered 27 miles, finally camping at Bassinello, 7 and a half miles from Orta. On the way we passed the wrecks of 2 Shermans and 2 Honeys, as well as 2 8-wheel armoured cars of Jerry's. Reveille at 3.45 when we woke up to find our beds wet through; fortunately, we were tired enough to sleep through it. At dawn the tanks moved up the road 3,000 yards but had to retire a little at noon as they were being shelled by unseen Artillery. German guns have just sent a 3 minute barrage into Bass. And one gun is dropping single shots 200 yards to our left. Chequers and Chestnuts are now moving up round us so we should hear plenty tonight. Had chicken and pigeon for dinner – and no questions asked.
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12 June 1944
My birthday and I celebrated it by getting up at 3.15. On our way at dawn down the road to Vignanello, where we took the mountain road to Viterbo, a lovely ride. The roadsides are littered with the wrecks of burnt -out German lorries, tanks and S.P. Guns, with here and there , a burnt our Sherman- their victims. After covering 19 miles we turned into a grove which was more like a vehicle cemetery than an orchard. Jerry tanks, A.T. Guns, 1 88 mm and several vehicles are in ruins round us, and many graves. Even when we got here, 4 bodies were still unburied, which we promptly dug in, for the smell isn't too attractive. Further up the road, 4 horses lie dead and most of the houses and farms have been shelled. |
13 June 1944
Tanks moved up 2,000 yards into position at dawn, trying to get a position on enemy infantry. Artillery exchanges during the night and at present are very lively- our 5.5 guns are now in action. Today's battle is for the town of Castiglione, and our tanks and artillery, perched on the hillsides can observe their fire as they pound targets in the valley below. We can see enemy vehicles and infantry moving along the roads and several of his (camps/ dumps?) are in flames. During the afternoon, enemy artillery ammo ran out and he made a mad dash backwards, but not before one of our 'C' Squadron tanks had a direct hit, and burnt out, the driver being killed. Moving up into the town, we had a grand time. The main square was full of tables loaded with wine and all the civvies made a tremendous fuss of us. They're quite proud if a British shell has hit their house, and collect all the bits for souvenirs – but you want to hear them if a Jerry shell has damaged their home. Bivouac at 11 and rev at 4 when we moved up 2 miles in readiness to assist the Infantry who are mopping up. |
14 June 1944
At noon we had reached Tordimonte to find 2 tanks of 'C' and one of 'A' knocked out by a 56mm which we saw wrecked later in the day. From the town our tanks shelled enemy positions visible on the next hill and we could plainly see Jerry Vehicles on the run. Enemy artillery shelled the village we were in, wrecking the Church and several farms, but no vehicles. At 3 pm we moved into the valley and crossed the River Paglia, where we had a swim, which after the constant dust was our greatest wish come true. Turning left (N) across the river, we again pulled into hold-down positions at the foot of Mount Aucaino where enemy infantry is dug in. In one house where the enemy were seen to run, our tanks have just put 7 H.E. (75mm) and Priests and mortars just behind us are now joining in the barrage – very exciting. |
15 June 1944
A very busy day working on 2 tracks and 1 starter motor on a Sherman- had a grand swim in the river when we had finished at 7.30. German Infantry are still giving themselves up here- our Squadron yesterday took about 60.
16 June 1944
Away again, this time as a Regiment, passing through Ficcule and beginning the battle 2 miles before reaching Montleone. 'B' Squadron, leading, soon had 1 casualty when Pop had a direct hit from a 25mm A.T. And soon after another tank (B.B.) burnt out when hit twice with an 88 which was later knocked out by Tojo. Last casualty of the day was a 3rd Troop tank rounded the last bend before the village and was hit twice. From all 3 tanks there was no-one injured. (From the Regimental diaries, it appears that Captain Howard Riley was injured and died later. He is buried in Orvieto cemetery)
17 June 1944
Moving up at 5.30 to see if we could recover the forward tank we had only just rounded the corner when machine gun fire splattered round us- needless to say we didn't 'wait and see!' All day Infantry, Shermans and Artillery have been battering at the village, but enemy artillery appears to have been reinforced and progress is slow. Up again at 3 pm we could only get to within 1 and a half miles of the tank before shells were coming over, so we came back 2 miles and I've just had a pleasant bathe. The Regiment moved back at 5pm , intending to have 2 day's rest, travelling 7 miles down the road.
18 June 1944.
A very busy day working on 2 tracks and 1 starter motor on a Sherman- had a grand swim in the river when we had finished at 7.30. German Infantry are still giving themselves up here- our Squadron yesterday took about 60.
16 June 1944
Away again, this time as a Regiment, passing through Ficcule and beginning the battle 2 miles before reaching Montleone. 'B' Squadron, leading, soon had 1 casualty when Pop had a direct hit from a 25mm A.T. And soon after another tank (B.B.) burnt out when hit twice with an 88 which was later knocked out by Tojo. Last casualty of the day was a 3rd Troop tank rounded the last bend before the village and was hit twice. From all 3 tanks there was no-one injured. (From the Regimental diaries, it appears that Captain Howard Riley was injured and died later. He is buried in Orvieto cemetery)
17 June 1944
Moving up at 5.30 to see if we could recover the forward tank we had only just rounded the corner when machine gun fire splattered round us- needless to say we didn't 'wait and see!' All day Infantry, Shermans and Artillery have been battering at the village, but enemy artillery appears to have been reinforced and progress is slow. Up again at 3 pm we could only get to within 1 and a half miles of the tank before shells were coming over, so we came back 2 miles and I've just had a pleasant bathe. The Regiment moved back at 5pm , intending to have 2 day's rest, travelling 7 miles down the road.
18 June 1944.
Rained continuously and the roads were in a terrible state. Going up in a jeep at 2 pm, 3 of us found the tank still under mortar fire and once again we had to return, when only 15 yards away. Of the Infantry attacking this village over 100 have been injured, and 1 3-tonner advancing as far as the tank was immediately hit and abandoned.
19 June 1944
We are supposed to be having 2 days' rest but so far it had done nothing but rain and we are all wishing to be back at the front. Received a letter from the Divisional Commander informing us that we were being transferred to the 10th Corps who are over on the Adriatic Front.
20 June 1944
Leaving camp at 2 pm we travelled for 11 miles before leaguering in a wood 3 miles from Citta Della Pieve- the town which resisted our advance for 2 days, causing us many casualties in vehicles and men. After being captured by the East Surrey Infantry on the 19th the town was found to have been the H.Q. Of the German Paratroop Division.
21 June 1944
Perugia, the town we are headed for, was captured this morning , but traffic there is so heavy that we are still standing by in the same place.
22 June 1944
Moving out at 10 am we moved slowly along the road, Piegaro being the first town we passed through. Next was Tavernelle where a bridge was blown and a tank diversion held us up a little. By 8pm we had reached Agello where another wrecked bridge made 'B' vehicle traffic impossible, so we spent the night in a nearby farmyard.
Perugia, the town we are headed for, was captured this morning , but traffic there is so heavy that we are still standing by in the same place.
22 June 1944
Moving out at 10 am we moved slowly along the road, Piegaro being the first town we passed through. Next was Tavernelle where a bridge was blown and a tank diversion held us up a little. By 8pm we had reached Agello where another wrecked bridge made 'B' vehicle traffic impossible, so we spent the night in a nearby farmyard.
23 June 1944
Off at 5.30 we crossed the diversion made by the Bulldozers and by 11 am we had reached Perugia, a large town situated on a mountain. Here the civilians appear to be quite well fed and well-dressed and seem very friendly. The town itself has been battered a little but not seriously. Moving down into the next valley we came to Ponte De Giovanni where we were again held up by enemy shelling. Most of the houses and the Church there were wrecked as well as the huge railway viaduct. 2 miles further on we passed through Valce Cetti, again almost completely wrecked- the main bridge over the Tiber was beyond repair and a bailey Bridge was in action – after crossing it we pulled into a corn field for concentrating. The enemy is reported to be 4,000 yards away, but all we can hear is distant shelling. 24 June 1944 'A' Squadron were moving up today with 'C' in support- we were static and made the most of our days' rest. Got our laundry done at the farm and after dinner went for a swim in the Tiber, a fast flowing river here, which is cold but refreshing. I intend to visit this route in the Summer of 2015, and hope to add some photos of the area. |
28 June 1944
Not out today so it was 8.30 before we arose. Spent a grand day doing washing , cooking, bathing and writing letters.
30 June 1944
Moving out at 4 am overlooking Collambello thro' which we hope to pass today. Infantry (10th 2nd Division) went in last night to attack the village. Working on 3 repairs till 4pm, we moved through the town at 5 moving up one track 400 yards long from which over 100 mines have been lifted. At one spot a dead horse and cow were lying in the gutter, and further along 2 civilians – man and woman were lying dead in the road. 2 miles north of the town we came up to 3rd Troop under shell fire and leaving them to visit 4th who had 2 tanks in difficulties, we had only gone 200 yards when the O.P. spotted us, and sent over 7 shells, which decided for us that it wasn't wise to go further. Moved back to close leaguer at 10pm where we stayed till 4 am when we travelled another mile back to do a day's maintenance. Had a nice bath in the stream and pork for tea.
Not out today so it was 8.30 before we arose. Spent a grand day doing washing , cooking, bathing and writing letters.
30 June 1944
Moving out at 4 am overlooking Collambello thro' which we hope to pass today. Infantry (10th 2nd Division) went in last night to attack the village. Working on 3 repairs till 4pm, we moved through the town at 5 moving up one track 400 yards long from which over 100 mines have been lifted. At one spot a dead horse and cow were lying in the gutter, and further along 2 civilians – man and woman were lying dead in the road. 2 miles north of the town we came up to 3rd Troop under shell fire and leaving them to visit 4th who had 2 tanks in difficulties, we had only gone 200 yards when the O.P. spotted us, and sent over 7 shells, which decided for us that it wasn't wise to go further. Moved back to close leaguer at 10pm where we stayed till 4 am when we travelled another mile back to do a day's maintenance. Had a nice bath in the stream and pork for tea.
2 July 1944
Moved off at 9 am to work on 'Two Able' who had a track off. Finished at 2 pm and then rejoined the Squadron who were now 2 miles further north.. A good supply of fruit and veg here, so we had a grand meal of mulberries, red vic. plums and peaches.
2 July 1944
Another track off this morning on a river diversion kept us busy until noon, when we had pigeon – one each – for lunch, and then moved up 4 miles to the new Squadron area. As we approached, the dust we made attracted enemy artillery who put two guns on us for almost an hour. Many of the shells fell within 100 yards of us, but a good deep ditch kept us safe. Only casualty was an ammo dump which is still burning and exploding. Many of the civilian gardens here are one mass of roses, dahlias carnations and hollyhocks. At dusk artillery and mortars again were busy and a Priest behind us was hit and burnt out. Three Troops moved up at 10.30 to support the Infantry.
4 July 1944
The Infantry Colonel decided that his men had earned a rest, so today, even tho' the enemy is still retreating, we remained static. Very quiet – heavy rain at 5pm.
5 July 1944
No move until 4 pm. Then we journeyed thro' Pierantonio, leaguering for the night 2km further on.
Moved off at 9 am to work on 'Two Able' who had a track off. Finished at 2 pm and then rejoined the Squadron who were now 2 miles further north.. A good supply of fruit and veg here, so we had a grand meal of mulberries, red vic. plums and peaches.
2 July 1944
Another track off this morning on a river diversion kept us busy until noon, when we had pigeon – one each – for lunch, and then moved up 4 miles to the new Squadron area. As we approached, the dust we made attracted enemy artillery who put two guns on us for almost an hour. Many of the shells fell within 100 yards of us, but a good deep ditch kept us safe. Only casualty was an ammo dump which is still burning and exploding. Many of the civilian gardens here are one mass of roses, dahlias carnations and hollyhocks. At dusk artillery and mortars again were busy and a Priest behind us was hit and burnt out. Three Troops moved up at 10.30 to support the Infantry.
4 July 1944
The Infantry Colonel decided that his men had earned a rest, so today, even tho' the enemy is still retreating, we remained static. Very quiet – heavy rain at 5pm.
5 July 1944
No move until 4 pm. Then we journeyed thro' Pierantonio, leaguering for the night 2km further on.
6 July 1944
Off at 4 am, we soon passed thro' the town of Umbertide- the road winds in and out over the River Tiber, and within 1 hour we had to cross 5 diversions where bridges were blown. 2 miles on we were shelled by 1 S.P. Gun apparently firing from the mountains overlooking Montania- our 'objective.'
Our Artillery soon chased him out with 2 heavy barrages, about 300 rounds each plastering every yard of ground and hitting all the buildings in the area. Soon we moved on about another half mile, but were then halted by heavy mortar fire. Punjab Infantry, accompanying our leading tanks had several casualties. By 7pm, the village of Montania was empty of the enemy, but as it was under heavy mortar fire we couldn't occupy it. 4th Troop attempting to gain the Ridge, were heavily mortared, and the leading tank, Bruiser (of ex Bazooka fame a week ago) was hit by an S.P. firing H.E.A.P. (High explosive armour piercing shells) and burnt out. Smoky, with only one more day to go before leaving for home, was killed instantly. The Dingo was hit by a mortar, the 2 crew being seriously injured. One tank slung a track when withdrawing at dusk and was locked and abandoned. At 10pm we came back 3 miles to the outskirts of Umbertide, only 1 Troop going out on the 7th. At 2 am our Artillery had found the enemy mortar positions and in half an hour sent over about 600 shells. The enemy replied by shelling the town but is reported to be withdrawing.. No more today so we were early in bed- 10.30 pm but not for long. At exactly 12 midnight, enemy planes were over strafing the town and dropping anti-personnel bombs. About 6 came across before our Bofors opened up – dozens of them – and chased him away. Out at 7am we went up to Montania to recover ? Top. Tank, but soon after we got there, enemy shells closed the road and the Scammel couldn't get through so we had to withdraw. The remains of 'Smoky' were brought back at noon and we buried him quietly with a short service by the Padre.. After tea, packed up again and journeyed 4 miles to a good spot on the Montania road, 10 yards from the river.
Off at 4 am, we soon passed thro' the town of Umbertide- the road winds in and out over the River Tiber, and within 1 hour we had to cross 5 diversions where bridges were blown. 2 miles on we were shelled by 1 S.P. Gun apparently firing from the mountains overlooking Montania- our 'objective.'
Our Artillery soon chased him out with 2 heavy barrages, about 300 rounds each plastering every yard of ground and hitting all the buildings in the area. Soon we moved on about another half mile, but were then halted by heavy mortar fire. Punjab Infantry, accompanying our leading tanks had several casualties. By 7pm, the village of Montania was empty of the enemy, but as it was under heavy mortar fire we couldn't occupy it. 4th Troop attempting to gain the Ridge, were heavily mortared, and the leading tank, Bruiser (of ex Bazooka fame a week ago) was hit by an S.P. firing H.E.A.P. (High explosive armour piercing shells) and burnt out. Smoky, with only one more day to go before leaving for home, was killed instantly. The Dingo was hit by a mortar, the 2 crew being seriously injured. One tank slung a track when withdrawing at dusk and was locked and abandoned. At 10pm we came back 3 miles to the outskirts of Umbertide, only 1 Troop going out on the 7th. At 2 am our Artillery had found the enemy mortar positions and in half an hour sent over about 600 shells. The enemy replied by shelling the town but is reported to be withdrawing.. No more today so we were early in bed- 10.30 pm but not for long. At exactly 12 midnight, enemy planes were over strafing the town and dropping anti-personnel bombs. About 6 came across before our Bofors opened up – dozens of them – and chased him away. Out at 7am we went up to Montania to recover ? Top. Tank, but soon after we got there, enemy shells closed the road and the Scammel couldn't get through so we had to withdraw. The remains of 'Smoky' were brought back at noon and we buried him quietly with a short service by the Padre.. After tea, packed up again and journeyed 4 miles to a good spot on the Montania road, 10 yards from the river.
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9 July 1944
Out all day finishing off the tank, which was now out of the shelling area, and coming into camp at 4 pm we found 2 Troops were out beyond Montana. 1 had a rubber off so up we went for 5 miles when we came across on the road to Carpini. 3 bridges here, but only 1 blown, and Indians were just finishing off a Bailey Bridge. We hadn't been there long when enemy shells landed right against the bridge, so we took cover, waiting for a quiet spell and then getting away.
10 July 1944
Very quiet today apart from the heavy barrages from our Artillery who are around us in force. Still firing all through the night.
11 July 1944
Artillery still active, several batteries having moved up just forward of us. A Bulldozer has been making a second track alongside this narrow road.
12 July 1944
Still no move. A very quiet day.
13 July 1944
At last we are on our way, again, leaving camp at noon and travelling 7 miles through Umbertide, across 3 Baileys and again crossing the river to the East side where we stayed the night.
14 July 1944
Reveille at 3.45 we moved for 2 miles up the main road before enemy shells near our leading tanks told us that we were near enough. 2 Troops moved on from here, after 1 mile up the road, turning right up the hill where they had to sit quiet all day as Jerry O.P.'s were on 3 sides of them. At 10pm we moved up to join them, but our move attracted enemy mortars, who gave us plenty of attention .Patrols of both sides were in action with M.G's 400 yards in front of us and no one had much sleep .
Out all day finishing off the tank, which was now out of the shelling area, and coming into camp at 4 pm we found 2 Troops were out beyond Montana. 1 had a rubber off so up we went for 5 miles when we came across on the road to Carpini. 3 bridges here, but only 1 blown, and Indians were just finishing off a Bailey Bridge. We hadn't been there long when enemy shells landed right against the bridge, so we took cover, waiting for a quiet spell and then getting away.
10 July 1944
Very quiet today apart from the heavy barrages from our Artillery who are around us in force. Still firing all through the night.
11 July 1944
Artillery still active, several batteries having moved up just forward of us. A Bulldozer has been making a second track alongside this narrow road.
12 July 1944
Still no move. A very quiet day.
13 July 1944
At last we are on our way, again, leaving camp at noon and travelling 7 miles through Umbertide, across 3 Baileys and again crossing the river to the East side where we stayed the night.
14 July 1944
Reveille at 3.45 we moved for 2 miles up the main road before enemy shells near our leading tanks told us that we were near enough. 2 Troops moved on from here, after 1 mile up the road, turning right up the hill where they had to sit quiet all day as Jerry O.P.'s were on 3 sides of them. At 10pm we moved up to join them, but our move attracted enemy mortars, who gave us plenty of attention .Patrols of both sides were in action with M.G's 400 yards in front of us and no one had much sleep .
15 July 1944 - 5 years in the army, and what a celebration!
Artillery exchanges during the morning , but at noon enemy mortars and shells had got our range and gave us a real pelting for about an hour. 2 houses near which we were lying were hit, trucks were knocked out and several men were hit. Lying behind a foot high bank of earth I bounced a bit when 3 shells landed within 9 feet of me – a Jeep behind me was wrecked by a burst a yard from it , and within 25 feet of us at least a dozen landed – you can guess how we were feeling. Soon, as a quiet spell came, we crept away quietly to our old camp a mile back- we've had whisky and a cold bath and feel much better now. The crack of a bursting shell, and the sight of your own fellows wounded doesn't make one feel too gay. Our casualties were 3 wounded, while total casualties were 3 killed, and 26 injured.
5pm. Apparently the enemy guns have been spotted, for 18 Warhawks have just been over machine gunning and bombing- we could see the bombs falling as the planes dived almost vertical. |
16 July 1944
At dawn our tanks went forward to support the Infantry who were attacking 3 ridges. By noon they were ours, Artillery clearing away most of the enemy opposition by several heavy barrages. Back to leaguer at dusk when our Artillery opened up in force laying down a 2 hour barrage to soften up the opposition to Indian Infantry who are going in tonight. No move on the 17th as 'C' and 'A' have moved up to relieve us.
18 July 1944
Once the city of Citta Di Castello is reached, the country further on is unsuitable for tanks, and we are anticipating a move to another front soon. Infantry have things in hand at the approaches to the city, and its only a matter of hours before J. is chased out of it. Still no call for our help.
19 July 1944
Only half the Brigade is now leaving this area, being needed on the Arno Bridgehead, 6 miles north of Arezzo, 20 miles west from here. The 3rd for the present, stay here.
20 June 1944
Heavy barrages last night to our Artillery firing at 8 miles range. Odd shells in reply dropped near the road on our left. Had 'George' over for tea.
At dawn our tanks went forward to support the Infantry who were attacking 3 ridges. By noon they were ours, Artillery clearing away most of the enemy opposition by several heavy barrages. Back to leaguer at dusk when our Artillery opened up in force laying down a 2 hour barrage to soften up the opposition to Indian Infantry who are going in tonight. No move on the 17th as 'C' and 'A' have moved up to relieve us.
18 July 1944
Once the city of Citta Di Castello is reached, the country further on is unsuitable for tanks, and we are anticipating a move to another front soon. Infantry have things in hand at the approaches to the city, and its only a matter of hours before J. is chased out of it. Still no call for our help.
19 July 1944
Only half the Brigade is now leaving this area, being needed on the Arno Bridgehead, 6 miles north of Arezzo, 20 miles west from here. The 3rd for the present, stay here.
20 June 1944
Heavy barrages last night to our Artillery firing at 8 miles range. Odd shells in reply dropped near the road on our left. Had 'George' over for tea.
1 July 1944
Things are moving this morning, for 'A' Squadron, as per, retired with 1 Troop in difficulties. 'A' Squadron set off at 4am and journeyed right up the road for about 2 miles. 'B' following at 8 am set off with H.Q. but after travelling just over 1 mile they rounded a corner and a heavy S.P.(self-propelled) was waiting for them. 3 tanks were hit (2 'HQ' and 1 'B') and burnt out, killing 2 men (Wardy and Jock Taylor) wounding 2 and 2 more are missing. With the aid of Artillery and Infantry, the remainder made good progress, and by dusk, when Infantry took over the forward positions, we were only ¾ of a mile from Castello.
22 July 1944
Only 'A' and 'C' Squadrons in this morning – they took over at dawn and steadily advanced all day meeting only machine gun opposition and by dusk had reached a point 2 miles of the town. At 7pm we- 'B' Squadron – moved up to a close leaguer 1 mile from the town, where we stayed until 4am.
23 July 1944
Passed through the town of Castello, a large and fairly modern place, tho' all the main buildings have been wrecked. 2 miles further on we came under enemy observation and pulled in for breakfast while our battery of Artillery – the Chestnuts- sent over a few feelers. Quiet for the remainder of the day- after tea we had a walk up to a pro-fascist house.
24 July 1944
2 Troops moved out at 4am on patrol while the remainder were on maintenance. 1 Jerry gun sent over odd shells 100 yards N of our area. Little Artillery activity.
Things are moving this morning, for 'A' Squadron, as per, retired with 1 Troop in difficulties. 'A' Squadron set off at 4am and journeyed right up the road for about 2 miles. 'B' following at 8 am set off with H.Q. but after travelling just over 1 mile they rounded a corner and a heavy S.P.(self-propelled) was waiting for them. 3 tanks were hit (2 'HQ' and 1 'B') and burnt out, killing 2 men (Wardy and Jock Taylor) wounding 2 and 2 more are missing. With the aid of Artillery and Infantry, the remainder made good progress, and by dusk, when Infantry took over the forward positions, we were only ¾ of a mile from Castello.
22 July 1944
Only 'A' and 'C' Squadrons in this morning – they took over at dawn and steadily advanced all day meeting only machine gun opposition and by dusk had reached a point 2 miles of the town. At 7pm we- 'B' Squadron – moved up to a close leaguer 1 mile from the town, where we stayed until 4am.
23 July 1944
Passed through the town of Castello, a large and fairly modern place, tho' all the main buildings have been wrecked. 2 miles further on we came under enemy observation and pulled in for breakfast while our battery of Artillery – the Chestnuts- sent over a few feelers. Quiet for the remainder of the day- after tea we had a walk up to a pro-fascist house.
24 July 1944
2 Troops moved out at 4am on patrol while the remainder were on maintenance. 1 Jerry gun sent over odd shells 100 yards N of our area. Little Artillery activity.
25 July 1944
Again a 4 o'clock move when we travelled for 2 miles up the West bank of the river. Stayed there until noon when opposition was met in the opposite bank, so off we went after it. Came back to Castello to cross over the diversion then up the road to Lerchi where Jerry was seen last night and pulled off the road 1 mile further on . Soon as the tanks began to move out at 6pm they were under fire by enemy artillery , 1 shell dropping about 30 yards from our truck- we were soon digging in! 'C' Squadron in action all day have so far reported 70 of the enemy Infantry killed and many more taken prisoner. 'B' are now in trying to chase the opposition across the river where our Infantry and Artillery are waiting for them. Our tanks came out at dusk – or at least all but 3 of them. One was bogged and was left for the night as it was only 200 yards from the enemy, one was hit by a Bazooka and had a track blown off and the other was hit by a Bazooka , set on fire and burnt out. For 1 and a half hours enemy Artillery shelled the road , the nearest being 100 yards from us. |
26 July 1944
Out again at noon today, our tanks again made for the river , and advancing beyond yesterdays limits, came across many dead enemy Infantry. Prisoners are coming back regularly in trucks, others in ambulances, together with odd civilians who have been wounded by shrapnel or mines. Fixed up a Sherman S Motor in 5 hours. At dusk we came back 1 mile to 'C' Squadron's rest leaguer where we stayed for 24 hours, the only event being a 2 hours shelling by the enemy of our old position. 27 July 1944 Off again at dusk we moved up to the edge of the Tiber, as we aren't expected to be needed for a day or 2 now. 28 July 1944 A quiet day in our new camp, swimming, cooking and writing mail. Gen Colingwood visited our rear HQ on the 25th. 29 July 1944 Our new Infantry required a bit of assistance this morning and the Squadron moved up at 10am but apart from patrolling had nothing to report. |
30 July 1944
The Squadron were out at 9 am covering an area 2 miles NE of Pistrini, giving cover to the advancing Infantry. Stayed out until dusk when we withdrew 3 and a half miles to the banks of the Soara River. 31 July 1944 Spent a quiet day until 4pm when we moved back 1 mile S of Castello. We are now on reserve for a few days until a tank track is found through the mountains August 1 1944 After a quiet morning we went into town but there's very little in there and very few shops open. Quite an interesting place especially for its fine churches which contain some marvellous paintings and architecture. |
August 2 1944
A day in Assisi, 35 miles back where we thoroughly enjoyed ourselves. Visited the 3 main churches and saw some marvellous work, including the most valuable stained glass window in the world and (a room of indescribable beauty) the dining room of the monastery- the largest of its kind in the world. The town is built on a hill and from the streets we could see all around for at least 20 miles. Visited also the church of Minerva, an old and famous church still in use. 3 August 1944 Spent a quiet day in bed being rather off-colour, but improved towards evening. |
4 August 1944
Still quiet until 4 pm when we had orders to move on a night march to the Arrezzo area, a journey of about 30 miles. During the day, heavy rain destroyed a diversion on our route, and it was 1.30 pm when we set off – Vic was a bit off so I was driving. The tanks kept up a good pace and we had a good run through some very hilly country, tho' in the dark we couldn't see much.5 miles of our journey was done within 4,000 yards of the enemy guns – hence the night travelling. By dawn at 5 am we were going through Arrezzo and at 6.15 pulled into a wood 3 miles north of the town. After breakfast we had 4 jobs to do , then into bed until 2 pm. Got up for a half-day in town where we saw a picture by Abbott and Costello, 'Hit the Ice,' then a good look round. Its a fairly large town with a cathedral and several large statues. After tea in the YMCA we saw a good ENSA show in the open-air theatre. 6 August 1944 Last night a battery of our medium guns 200 yards away kept us awake by an hours' barrage at 11 pm but there was no enemy artillery activity. A mobile bath has just arrived so in about an hour we should be enjoying a hot shower and change of clothing. 7 August 1944 Still waiting, so once more we visited the town seeing 'Girl Crazy' buying a few cosmetics and seeing a first-class ENSA show – Music and Rhythm- in the open-air theatre. 5 girls and 2 men- and what a style in dresses!!? 8 August 1944 Had a good stroll round this morning and a chat with the woman there who promised to do our washing. After tea we walked into Arezzo to hear a band concert by the Military and Dance bands of the Grenadier Guards. 9 August 1944 Up to the farm with our laundry and stayed until almost noon. A mobile cinema gave us a good show at night with George Formby in 'Bell Bottom George' , Pop-eye and a very recent news reel. An official list of the Regimental captures so far in the Campaign include several heavy S.P. Guns (26),tanks and artillery , many small A/T guns and M.G.'s. 300 enemy killed, 250 prisoners, and the taking of Citta De Castello. |
10 August 1944
Heavy rain during the night, but the ground has now quickly dried up 12 August 1944 Good news from General Alexander today .After dinner we went into town to see '49th Parallel' and do a bit of shopping. 13 August 1944 Sunday- Church at 9am after which we collected tomatoes, apples, black-berries and celery. 14 August 1944 1st party to the rest camp went this morning , leaving about half of us behind. G and I went into town in the evening to see Will Fiffes ENSA show- very disappointing. |
15 August 1944
Sam and I have just been chosen to have 4 days at the 10th Corps Leave Camp at Passignano on Lake Trasimeno - the pre-war starting point for the Schneider Trophy. We lived in a large hotel on the lake side with a Lido and pier almost opposite. Feeding arrangements and the food itself were excellent and we spent a grand time swimming, rowing and sunbathing. An island in the middle of the lake contains a Castle and a Monastery and a village of 300 inhabitants- we visited it for half a day and enjoyed seeing the locals making wicker baskets, fishing nets etc. Had a look through the Castle which is now empty- the owner, an Italian marquis and his English wife stay there for only 2 moths in the year and are at present in Rome. |
19 August 1944
Came back to camp rather reluctantly. Saw a decent picture 'By Hook or by Crook,' (Red Sketlton) in the afternoon. 20 August 1944 Spent a busy day writing mail and sorting out my kit. 21 August 1944 Tank Inspection today kept us busy. Went to 'M's at night on 'business.' 22 August 1944 A quiet day till evening when we went to see the Dotnots , a really good S.A. ENSA show of 8 men and 4 girls including a super dance band with an electric guitar. |
23 August 1944
Working until noon, we afterwards went up to the River Arno for a swim where we found an ideal spot with diving from any height.
24, 25 August 1944
More swimming was the only feature of 2 quiet days.
26 August 1944
Working again during the morning ready to move out. We finally got packed up only to find that the move was cancelled. Went to the 10th Corps bathing pool today, a large deep stretch of the Arno well fitted up. At 6pm the Wilts and 3rd H were on parade for a very interesting lecture by the Brigadier, who gave us a detailed account of present locations and happenings in Italy.
27 August 1944
Only highlight today was a visit to the Corps swimming pool.
28 August 1944
A lecture by the CO told us of recent awards in the Regiment- 2 MC's in the Squadron and 1 more MC and 3 MM's in the Regiment.
29 August 1944
Preparing all day for a move , this time back to the Rome area.
Working until noon, we afterwards went up to the River Arno for a swim where we found an ideal spot with diving from any height.
24, 25 August 1944
More swimming was the only feature of 2 quiet days.
26 August 1944
Working again during the morning ready to move out. We finally got packed up only to find that the move was cancelled. Went to the 10th Corps bathing pool today, a large deep stretch of the Arno well fitted up. At 6pm the Wilts and 3rd H were on parade for a very interesting lecture by the Brigadier, who gave us a detailed account of present locations and happenings in Italy.
27 August 1944
Only highlight today was a visit to the Corps swimming pool.
28 August 1944
A lecture by the CO told us of recent awards in the Regiment- 2 MC's in the Squadron and 1 more MC and 3 MM's in the Regiment.
29 August 1944
Preparing all day for a move , this time back to the Rome area.
30 August 1944
Set out at 7 am travelling down the west side of , through Orvieto and Viterbo and right down the road up which we fought less than 3 months ago. Several wrecks of our tanks are still lying by the roadside and there's an unbelievable amount of enemy vehicles, all scrap, lying around. 18 km from Rome we turned off Route 2 and travelled 22 km before finally reaching this camp at 8pm, after a jouney of 160 miles. We are right on the edge of Lake Bracciano in the old sea-plane sheds and barracks- good for swimming but not too good for getting around. 1,2 September 1944 It is now evident what our special training here consists of- Valentine X's with Prop. under a special RAC training team are housed in 2 of the old seaplane sheds. We've been doing D and M on them for 2 days and expect a trip out in the lake tomorrow. Plenty of swimming- including a reveille dip- and boating. Squadron footer match this afternoon and we lost 3-1 3 September 1944 On an electrics class till noon after which went out on the lake in a tank- a new experience and quite a good performance. On a night exercise from 8-11 pm the tanks were on the water for 2 hours one of them breaking a support when about a mile out and sinking, 2 of the crew (FC and PAR) being drowned. |
4 September 1944
Went on a day trip to Rome and had the best day's outing ever. Went to the Vatican and while there we saw the Pope. The Church of Saint Peter, the head church of the RC's is a marvellous place and the treasury there contains a collection of gold and jewels worth millions of pounds. The city is a huge collection of art, every square being the home of statues and carvings by the score. The statue of Victor Emmanuel is a huge monument over 100 yards long and a tremendous height all in white, having taken 200 years to build. Altogether a very memorable day.
While he was in Rome, Frank bought some professional photographs: click to enlarge.
Went on a day trip to Rome and had the best day's outing ever. Went to the Vatican and while there we saw the Pope. The Church of Saint Peter, the head church of the RC's is a marvellous place and the treasury there contains a collection of gold and jewels worth millions of pounds. The city is a huge collection of art, every square being the home of statues and carvings by the score. The statue of Victor Emmanuel is a huge monument over 100 yards long and a tremendous height all in white, having taken 200 years to build. Altogether a very memorable day.
While he was in Rome, Frank bought some professional photographs: click to enlarge.
4-7 September 1944
3 days of very hard work getting the new tanks ready for action.
8-16 September 1944
Plenty of work all week. We had intensive training keeping the fitters very busy. Had a night scheme on the 12th when the tanks swam ashore at 4am and took a beach against the RE's. Had another day in Rome on the 13th visiting many places of interest including the Coliseum.
15 September 1944
Our Colonel (Sir Peter Farquhar)left us today and gave the Regiment a farewell speech during the morning. Also a lecture by the Brigadier telling us that the 9th Armoured Brigade is being disbanded and he is leaving for England. We have packed up ready to move by 9am . By half past we were on our way travelling in the rear of the tank column. For 7 miles along the Rome road they went on tracks, after which transporters collected them and went on to the stadium at Rome where we stayed for the night. Harry and I went out to see our civvy friends.
3 days of very hard work getting the new tanks ready for action.
8-16 September 1944
Plenty of work all week. We had intensive training keeping the fitters very busy. Had a night scheme on the 12th when the tanks swam ashore at 4am and took a beach against the RE's. Had another day in Rome on the 13th visiting many places of interest including the Coliseum.
15 September 1944
Our Colonel (Sir Peter Farquhar)left us today and gave the Regiment a farewell speech during the morning. Also a lecture by the Brigadier telling us that the 9th Armoured Brigade is being disbanded and he is leaving for England. We have packed up ready to move by 9am . By half past we were on our way travelling in the rear of the tank column. For 7 miles along the Rome road they went on tracks, after which transporters collected them and went on to the stadium at Rome where we stayed for the night. Harry and I went out to see our civvy friends.
17 September 1944
At 9am we left Rome and went along Highway 3 for 61 miles before camping on the main street of Terni, a town in a valley surrounded by huge mountains.
18 September 1944
A marvellous run of 84 miles through mountains and gorges, always in sight of the Tiber which was many times thousands of feet below us. Stayed the night in Fabriano where we found a convenient farmhouse to spend a lively evening in.
19 September 1944
Our last day when after 48 miles we came in sight of the Adriatic Sea, 16 miles north of Ancona. During the morning we crossed the Appenine Ridge a climb which made even our bus cough a little. We then travelled for several miles up the coast road to Fano a small coastal town and 2 miles further on we pulled into a farm which was to be our camp for a few days.
24 September 1944
Getting the tanks ready for action has kept us busy so far but we are now fairly straight and hope to be able to keep quiet for a few days. Went for a 20 mile test-run on the Triumph yesterday. An aerodrome ¼ mile from us is packed with Spitfires which are on the go all day and crowds of heavy bombers are passing over us daily.
At 9am we left Rome and went along Highway 3 for 61 miles before camping on the main street of Terni, a town in a valley surrounded by huge mountains.
18 September 1944
A marvellous run of 84 miles through mountains and gorges, always in sight of the Tiber which was many times thousands of feet below us. Stayed the night in Fabriano where we found a convenient farmhouse to spend a lively evening in.
19 September 1944
Our last day when after 48 miles we came in sight of the Adriatic Sea, 16 miles north of Ancona. During the morning we crossed the Appenine Ridge a climb which made even our bus cough a little. We then travelled for several miles up the coast road to Fano a small coastal town and 2 miles further on we pulled into a farm which was to be our camp for a few days.
24 September 1944
Getting the tanks ready for action has kept us busy so far but we are now fairly straight and hope to be able to keep quiet for a few days. Went for a 20 mile test-run on the Triumph yesterday. An aerodrome ¼ mile from us is packed with Spitfires which are on the go all day and crowds of heavy bombers are passing over us daily.
Frank's Regiment had now seen the last of the fierce fighting, and the men were to be allowed to recover and carry out routine duties for the next 3 months. He writes of frequent games of football, and often returns to the farm near to Fano, for evenings of dancing and meals.
I have selected extracts from this time, and the full text can be found by clicking the button, and scrolling down to the appropriate section. |
October 1 1944
At a Regimental meeting today it was decided that the F.F. should be reorganised, all 4 year fellows being put on B.I. - hence I'm now on the 3 tonner. Went to the stadium to see 'A' and 'C' Squadrons draw 1-1after a good game.
(I am not sure what these abbreviations mean- but he is referring to a scheme called 'Python' whereby all personnel who had served abroad for 4 ½ years, were returned to England to complete the war. This was to mean that Frank would be leaving Italy soon after Christmas.)
At a Regimental meeting today it was decided that the F.F. should be reorganised, all 4 year fellows being put on B.I. - hence I'm now on the 3 tonner. Went to the stadium to see 'A' and 'C' Squadrons draw 1-1after a good game.
(I am not sure what these abbreviations mean- but he is referring to a scheme called 'Python' whereby all personnel who had served abroad for 4 ½ years, were returned to England to complete the war. This was to mean that Frank would be leaving Italy soon after Christmas.)
9 October 1944
At 2 pm, after a hectic morning at the farm, we left Fano / travelling 14 miles down the tank track to Mondolfo, a small village 4 miles off the Ancona Road, where we are now living in the school. The tanks are in the school yard and 'B' vehicles in the village square, from where we have to move them when the civvies want to play football there. Twice during the week we've had dances in the cinema- one day an incident resulted in 2 Yanks spending the night in the guard room. (Regimental diary- 'The production of a pistol by one American Negro, and a knuckleduster by another, did not in any way detract from the Squadron's enjoyment.') On Friday we went to Fano for hot showers. Later we beat the local RAF 15-0 at football. After dinner on Sunday, Sam and I took a motorbike and returned to the farm to see H. had a good time there, collected plenty of mushrooms and a whole cock-chicken for tea and 5 hours dancing afterwards. Cousins M and A joined the party. Left at 11 pm. |
16 October 1944
A busy morning on tanks and motor bikes. At noon Civvies brought 2 oxen into the slaughterhouse for dressing. They'd been killed by walking on a German 'S' mine.
8 November 1944
An eventful week with a tragic finale. On the 4th we had a Regimental 6-a-side footer competition, won by HQ. On the 6th a recce party had the misfortune to hit a mine, 3 being injured and 1 losing his life. We brought him to our Chapel on the 7th where we kept a guard until this afternoon, when we left for the burial at Sepigaggia. An impressive ceremony , attended by his civvy friends as well as a Regimental party.
3 December 1944
S and I went on an 'expedition' but we only managed 2 turkeys. Worked for 2 days on a motorbike.
6 December 1944
Played the new RR's at footer and won 8-0. Had a turkey for supper.
17 December 1944
A busy 10 days during which we have been finding stuff for Christmas- now we have 2 pigs, 18 geese, 3 turkeys and 4 chickens. Beat the local RAF at footer 5 days ago 8-1, and yesterday beat 'A' Squadron – last time for 2 1/2 years , 3-1. Two of the chaps here are busy decorating for Christmas.
A busy morning on tanks and motor bikes. At noon Civvies brought 2 oxen into the slaughterhouse for dressing. They'd been killed by walking on a German 'S' mine.
8 November 1944
An eventful week with a tragic finale. On the 4th we had a Regimental 6-a-side footer competition, won by HQ. On the 6th a recce party had the misfortune to hit a mine, 3 being injured and 1 losing his life. We brought him to our Chapel on the 7th where we kept a guard until this afternoon, when we left for the burial at Sepigaggia. An impressive ceremony , attended by his civvy friends as well as a Regimental party.
3 December 1944
S and I went on an 'expedition' but we only managed 2 turkeys. Worked for 2 days on a motorbike.
6 December 1944
Played the new RR's at footer and won 8-0. Had a turkey for supper.
17 December 1944
A busy 10 days during which we have been finding stuff for Christmas- now we have 2 pigs, 18 geese, 3 turkeys and 4 chickens. Beat the local RAF at footer 5 days ago 8-1, and yesterday beat 'A' Squadron – last time for 2 1/2 years , 3-1. Two of the chaps here are busy decorating for Christmas.
26 December 1944
After a marvellous Christmas party in the school we went for a tour of our village friends where we were showered with Xmas food and drink.
27 December 1944
The 30 Python blokes of the Squadron are to leave at 8am today- last night we had a farewell dinner and party followed by a carol- singing hour in the village, headed by the Squadron leader who was well and truly drunk by midnight. At 9am we arrived at Senigallia where the Python chaps were collected. Apparently there isn't room on the January boat for over 3,400 Pythons, so we are to be among the unlucky ones kept back until Feb. Half of our party were to stay at Senigallia servicing tanks for the 200 ADS, while we, the other half were sent to Rimini to service tanks for the 276 ADS, a lousy Squadron with no social amenities, little food and a terrible building for a billet. We've done nothing except tick since we came , and now, after 4 days, things are beginning to improve. Last night we went down to the village of Riccione to see a good ENSA show, 'George and Margaret'.
After a marvellous Christmas party in the school we went for a tour of our village friends where we were showered with Xmas food and drink.
27 December 1944
The 30 Python blokes of the Squadron are to leave at 8am today- last night we had a farewell dinner and party followed by a carol- singing hour in the village, headed by the Squadron leader who was well and truly drunk by midnight. At 9am we arrived at Senigallia where the Python chaps were collected. Apparently there isn't room on the January boat for over 3,400 Pythons, so we are to be among the unlucky ones kept back until Feb. Half of our party were to stay at Senigallia servicing tanks for the 200 ADS, while we, the other half were sent to Rimini to service tanks for the 276 ADS, a lousy Squadron with no social amenities, little food and a terrible building for a billet. We've done nothing except tick since we came , and now, after 4 days, things are beginning to improve. Last night we went down to the village of Riccione to see a good ENSA show, 'George and Margaret'.
21 January 1945
Woke up this morning with a first class earache so went on S.P. And after inspection was sent into hospital- the 53rd at Rimini. Spent 3 quiet days there, but on the 23rd H.C. Came to tell me we were to move the next day to Naples. By 10am on the 24th we were on our way to Ancona where we boarded the train at 5.30 pm. The train journey , very slow, took us 3 days, passing through Terni, and Rome and reaching Naples at 3 am on the 28th. A truck took us to leave camp , 3 miles out of town, where we stayed until the 8th February. My ear kept me on E.D. And I had a pass to visit Naples daily for treatment at the 68th General Hospital. The town itself is very disappointing, as everything is very expensive apart from pictures, and there's very little entertainment. On the 28th we went to see the Army beat the RAF 2-0 at football, Bryn Jones being the chief star. The NAAFI here is in the Naples Royal Palace, a fine place which covers acres, and includes everything for the soldiers from a Post Office to a theatre where we saw Maurice Winnick's Orchestra.
Woke up this morning with a first class earache so went on S.P. And after inspection was sent into hospital- the 53rd at Rimini. Spent 3 quiet days there, but on the 23rd H.C. Came to tell me we were to move the next day to Naples. By 10am on the 24th we were on our way to Ancona where we boarded the train at 5.30 pm. The train journey , very slow, took us 3 days, passing through Terni, and Rome and reaching Naples at 3 am on the 28th. A truck took us to leave camp , 3 miles out of town, where we stayed until the 8th February. My ear kept me on E.D. And I had a pass to visit Naples daily for treatment at the 68th General Hospital. The town itself is very disappointing, as everything is very expensive apart from pictures, and there's very little entertainment. On the 28th we went to see the Army beat the RAF 2-0 at football, Bryn Jones being the chief star. The NAAFI here is in the Naples Royal Palace, a fine place which covers acres, and includes everything for the soldiers from a Post Office to a theatre where we saw Maurice Winnick's Orchestra.
8 February 1945
Reveille at 4 am and by 8 am we were on our way to the docks where we went on board the SCYTHIA, a ship of 19,000 tons, which was to take over 4,000 of us to England.
Got a job as a medical Corporal for our deck of 204 men.. left Naples on the 9th on a solo trip to Gibraltar, which took us 3 days. The battleship Richlieu was in the harbour, and a small aircraft carrier and there are about 40 merchant ships in the bay. During the night, depth charges were dropped. The coast of Spain, half a mile away, seems to be a very pleasant place.
14 February 1945
Left Gib. at 10 am, together with 14 other merchant ships and an escort of the small carrier, 2 Destroyers and 3 Corvettes.
Reveille at 4 am and by 8 am we were on our way to the docks where we went on board the SCYTHIA, a ship of 19,000 tons, which was to take over 4,000 of us to England.
Got a job as a medical Corporal for our deck of 204 men.. left Naples on the 9th on a solo trip to Gibraltar, which took us 3 days. The battleship Richlieu was in the harbour, and a small aircraft carrier and there are about 40 merchant ships in the bay. During the night, depth charges were dropped. The coast of Spain, half a mile away, seems to be a very pleasant place.
14 February 1945
Left Gib. at 10 am, together with 14 other merchant ships and an escort of the small carrier, 2 Destroyers and 3 Corvettes.
By the evening of the 21st we were at the mouth of the Clyde up which we sailed and finally dropped our anchor at noon of the 22nd at Gourock. By 8 am on the 23rd we were on the quayside and went straight onto a waiting train – all First Class!- which took us right to Catterick. By noon on the 24th we had been given new kit, leave passes etc. and were soon at Richmond Station, waiting for the 3-45 to Darlington. Then onto York, Leeds, Manchester and PRESTON to find our Gladys, Douglas and Fred waiting with the car. Got home at 12 pm to find Ma still waiting up for me- home again and just about as happy as I knew how to be.
600 men and 40 officers of the 3rd Hussars had sailed from Liverpool in 1940 on the 'Duchess of Bedford'. Only 170 men and just 2 officers were left to return home on the 'Scythia'
600 men and 40 officers of the 3rd Hussars had sailed from Liverpool in 1940 on the 'Duchess of Bedford'. Only 170 men and just 2 officers were left to return home on the 'Scythia'
To find out what Frank did during the remainder of the War, and afterwards, carry on reading the section 'Afterwards.'